State governments and the colleges themselves have ________ financial help to students

In theUnited States, the first daynursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas duringthe ___61__ half of the 19th century; most of ___62___ were charitable. Both inEurope and in the U.S. the day-nursery movement received great ___63___ duringthe First World War, when ___64___ of manpower caused the industrial employmentofunprecedented（前所未有）numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries wereestablishes ___65___ inmunitions（军火）plants, under direct government sponsorship. ___66___ the number ofnurseries in theU.S.also rose ___67___, this rise was accomplished without government aid of anykind. During the years following the First World War, ___68___, Federal, State,and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control ___69___the day nurseries, chiefly by ___70___ them and by inspecting and regulatingthe conditions within the nurseries.

A.to cut roughly and violently

B.desperate

C.to instist, to state firmly

The elderlyRussians find it hard to live on their state ___________.

A) pensions B) earnings

C) salaries D) donations

retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.

A) came across B) came about

C) came after D) came at

One day I _________ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.

A) came across B) came about C) came after D) came at

In a time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep ___________ with the rapid changes of society.

A) step B) progress C) pace D) touch

A、preserve the unity of your lesson

B、evaluate students’ success at the end of, or after, the lesson

C、gain more praise

A、the amount of capital the state of incorporation allows the company to accumulate over its existence.

B、the par value of all capital stock issued.

C、the amount of capital the federal government allows a corporation to generate.

D、the total capital raised by a corporation within the limits set by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest – able to smell out the best meat.” And if you can’t find work, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits. (2) That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than any other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country. (3) Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work. (4) The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent. (5) None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from native or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals. 1. Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of ________.

A、low wages for locals

B、imperfect labor markets

C、the design of the welfare system

D、inadequate skills of immigrants

0 of them, as compared with 180 in Japan, 144 in Argentina and 111 in Britain.The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted all over the world.Disting uished dailies like the Washington Post or the New York Times have a powerful influence all over the country.However the Post and the Times are not national newspapers in the sense that The times is in Britain or Le Monde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper.The best of these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news.

Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the “sensati onal”, which feature crime, sex and rumor, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events.But with few exceptions American newspapers try to entertain as well as give information, for they have to compete with television.

Just as American newspapers give way to all tastes, so do they also try and apply to readers for all political persuasions.A few newspapers support extremist (过激分子)groups on the far right and on the far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road Americans who are essentially moderate.Many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of different political and social views in order to present a balanced picture.

As in other democratic countries American newspapers ca n be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once bravely uncovered political scandals (丑闻)or crimes, for instance, the Watergate Affair.The newspapers dr ew the attention of the public to the fears of the Vietnam War.

1.There are fewer national newspapers in ().

A.Britain than in the U.S.A

B.France than in Britain

C.the U.S.A.than in Britain or France

D.France than in t he U.S.A.or Britain

2.Most American newspapers try to entertain their readers because ().

A.they have to keep up a good relation with them

B.they have to compete with television

C.they have to write about crime, sex and rumor

D.t hey have to give factual news in an interesting way

3.Many American newspapers attract readers of different political tendency by ().

A.supporting extremist groups from time to time

B.inviting middle-of-the-road Americans to write articles for them

C.avoiding carrying articles about extremists

D.printing articles representing different political viewpoints

4.In this passage the underlined word “press” (Para.2) means ().

A.a machine for printing

B.the business o f printing

C.great force

D.newspapers

5.The passage is mainly about ().

A.the characteristics of American newspapers

B.the development of American newspapers

C.the functions of American newspapers

D.the m erits and shortcomings of American newspapers

ebration, held in New York City in 1882.Its promoter was an Irish-American labor leader named Peter J. McGuire.A carpenter by trade, McGuire had worked since the age of eleven, and in 1882 was president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners (UBCJ).Approaching the City’s Central Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud “the industrial spirit – the great vital force of every nation”.On September 5 his suggestion born fruit, as an estimated 10,000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosses’ warnings, left work to march from Union Square up Fifth Avenue to 42nd Street.The event gained national attention, and by 1893 thirty states had made Labor Day an annual holiday.

The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers’ respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger.In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor.Henry George was accurate in describing the era as one of “progress and poverty.” In a society in which factory, owners rode in private Pullmans while ten-year-olds slaved in the mines, strong anti-capitalist feelings ran high.Demands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press.With socialist demanding an end to “wage slavery” and anarchists singing the praises of the virtues dynamite, middle-of-the-roaders like Samuel Gompers and McGuire seemed attractively mild by comparison.One can imagine practical capitalists seeing Labor Day as a bargain: A one-day party certainly cost them less than paying their workers decent wages.

6.Judging from the passage, McGuire was ().

A.a moderate labor leader

B.an extreme anarchist in the labor movement

C.a devoted socialist fighting against exploitation of man by man

D.a firm anti-capitalist demanding the elimination of wage slavery

7.We can see from the first paragraph that the first Labor Day march ().

A.immediately won nationwide support

B.involved workers from 30 states

C.was opposed by many factory owners

D.was organized by the UBCJ

8.Which of the following is the key factor in the immediate approval of Labor Day as a national holiday？（）

A.The lawmakers’ respect for the workers

B.The workers’ determination to have a holiday of their own

C.The socialists’ demands for thorough reform

D.The politicians’ fear of the workers’ anger

9.We learn from the passage that the establishment of Labor Day ().

A.was accepted by most bosses as a compromise

B.marked a turning point in the workers’ struggle for more rights

C.indicated the improvement of the workers’ welfare

D.signaled the end of “wage slavery”

10.McGuire proposed Labor Day in order to ().

A.draw people’s attention to the striking contrast between the rich and the poor

B.make prominent the important role of the working class in society

C.win for the workers the right to shorter working hours

D.expose the exploitation of the workers by their bosses